Most conscientious power generation companies use online Gas analysers and are content maintaining the TG purge purity in a range of 98% to 99.5%. It is recommended to use a well designed valve, and never think an ordinary air pressure regulator will, do a reliable job. This is easily achieved using good quality down stream gas pressure regulating valves. Industry practice for Hydrogen control in Turbine Alternators Hydrogen pressure Usual industry standard is to achieve control at (-) 20C, or lower. Hence, it is very important that purge gas Dew point be maintained as low as possible. Wet gas is severly detrimental to the life of the windings due to increased risk of corrosion and insulation failure.
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Most people understand this aspect well, and many Generator manufacturers even provide/recommend a Hydrogen gas drier within the Hydrogen gas closed-loop circulation. The best performance will be derived only when the Hydrogen purity within the TG is maintained near constant at 99.5%. Thus, the increased drag caused is also exponential in value. It is important to note, each percentage point increase of Air impurity in Hydrogen will have a 14 times exponential increase in Gas density within the Rotor space in the Generator. The impurity which will afflicts Hydrogen purge is Air due to limited ingress. This means Air weighs more than 14 times compared to Hydrogen. Hydrogen has molecular weight of 2, while Air is 29. Usually the Hydrogen pressure is maintained in the range 3 to 4 Bar(g). Meaning, a lesser volume of Hydrogen gas moved across the rotating machine will effectively remove all the heat. This increased density increases the specific gas conductivity (v/v). Importance of Maintaining Hydrogen Pressure, Purity and Dryness Hydrogen purge pressureĪ limited, higher pressure of Hydrogen purge maintained within the Rotor rotating space, increases the gas density. Therefore Hydrogen cooling is popular in machines typically 100 MW or larger Steam Turbine, and / or, Gas Turbine, driven Generators. Predominantly used for high rotational speed machines, where drag losses play significant absorbed energy impact. These are the two reasons why Hydrogen is the preferred gas for Large Electrical rotating machine cooling.
From hereon, the heated Hydrogen is carried to the outside of the machine, where it is cooled and returned continuously, in closed loop circulation. Hydrogen offers the highest heat conductivity property compared to Air or other gases and hence, is a very efficient carrier of generated heat, from a electrical machine.
Excellent Thermal conductivity of Hydrogen In turn there is lower energy requirement for rotating the machine countering the offered drag / windage factor. Hydrogen has one of the lowest gas densities thus offering least resistance to the rotation of the Rotor within the Generator. Purpose of Hydrogen cooling in Turbine Alternators Hydrogen is used for cooling Generator’s Rotor windings in Turbine Generator (TG), for the following reasons:
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